Many authors prefer to identify the source at the beginning of the reference, perhaps including the author’s name directly in the text: Gould et al. You delay the appropriate punctuation until after the parentheses or brackets: If the load on the thrust bearing can be decreased by some means, the life of the turbodrill can be significantly increased (1). If you repeat a reference to a source later in the text, it retains its original number-thus, all references to source number 4 receive a 4 after them in parentheses or brackets. The first source you cite in your text receives the number 1, the second number 2, and so on. When you use the number system, your responsibility is to indicate in your text-either in parentheses or brackets-a number that corresponds to a source on your references page. Technical fields such as materials science, aerospace engineering, and chemistry tend to favor the number system. Generally, the number system is favored in fields where you typically report experimental field or lab work.
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